A versatile glycosaminoglycan with multiple molecular weights; it deeply hydrates and plumps the skin while reinforcing extracellular matrix structure. Improves elasticity and visibly smooths texture.

A potent humectant and pro-vitamin B₅ that attracts moisture and actively stimulates lipid synthesis in the skin. Soothes irritation, improves elasticity, and supports barrier integrity.

Short amino acid chains that act as signaling compounds to stimulate collagen and elastin production, improve skin firmness, and diminish expression lines through targeted biochemical pathways.

A water-soluble amide of nicotinic acid with multifactorial efficacy in dermatology. It upregulates ceramide synthesis, improves epidermal differentiation, reduces oxidative stress, and downregulates sebum production. Niacinamide also inhibits melanosome transfer and inflammatory mediators (IL-1, IL-6), contributing to a visibly clearer, more even-toned complexion.

A mineral-based UV filter that provides photostable, broad-spectrum protection by reflecting and scattering UVA and UVB rays. Zinc oxide also possesses antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties, supporting barrier health and minimizing redness in reactive or sensitized skin.

A potent phenolic antioxidant derived from plant cell walls, ferulic acid neutralizes reactive oxygen species and stabilizes other actives such as ascorbic acid and tocopherol. It reduces lipid peroxidation, DNA damage, and inflammatory cytokines, enhancing the photoprotective and anti-aging potential of complex antioxidant systems.

A stabilized vitamin C derivative that enzymatically converts to active L-ascorbic acid within the skin. It promotes dermal collagen synthesis, suppresses oxidative stress, and reduces melanin formation, contributing to brighter skin tone, improved firmness, and increased antioxidant protection without the instability of pure ascorbic acid.

A beta-hydroxy acid (BHA) with lipophilic properties, enabling penetration into sebum-rich follicles to dissolve excess oil and debris. It exhibits comedolytic, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial effects, making it effective for acne-prone or congested skin while preserving skin barrier function.

A humectant naturally occurring in the skin’s natural moisturizing factor (NMF). It enhances skin hydration by attracting and retaining moisture in the stratum corneum, promoting elasticity and smooth texture without occlusion.

Lipid molecules that are essential components of the skin’s barrier matrix. Ceramides restore dermal lipid bilayers, enhance moisture retention, and reduce trans-epidermal water loss. Their inclusion in formulations improves skin barrier repair, especially in dry, irritated, or sensitized skin types.